Linked Lists (LL)

Advantages:

• Dynamic Size: Easily grow and shrink by allocating/deallocating nodes.
• Efficient Insertions/Deletions: O(1) time for insertion/deletion at the head.

Disadvantages:

• Memory Overhead: Extra memory for pointers.
• Poor Cache Performance: Non-contiguous memory allocation.
• Slow Random Access: O(i) time for accessing the ith element.

Use Cases:

• Dynamic Memory Usage: When maximum size is unknown, or frequent insertions/deletions are needed.
• Implementing Data Structures: Useful for stacks, queues, etc.

Examples:

• Stacks and Queues: Efficient O(1) insertions/deletions.
• Graph Representations: Adjacency lists.
• Real-time Applications: Job scheduling systems.

Dynamic Arrays

Advantages:

• Fast Random Access: O(1) time for accessing elements by index.
• Better Cache Performance: Contiguous memory allocation.
• Amortized Insertion: O(1) time for insertions at the end.